Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) is a therapeutic approach that aims to help individuals who struggle with feelings of shame and self-criticism. Developed by British psychologist Paul Gilbert, CFT encourages individuals to cultivate compassion for themselves and others, which can help regulate mood and lead to feelings of safety, self-acceptance, and comfort.

CFT is often used to manage long-term emotional problems related to persistent shame, self-criticism, and an inability to view oneself and one’s behaviors kindly and compassionately. It shares similarities with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as it educates clients about the mind-body connection and promotes the practice of mind and body awareness.

During a CFT session, the therapist works towards the overarching goal of cultivating compassion for the self and others. The therapist starts by teaching the client about the evolution of the brain, the construction of the self, and the systems that regulate emotions. The therapist then helps the client develop key skills of compassion, self-compassion, and mindfulness via a technique known as compassionate mind training (CMT). CMT comprises guided exercises—including role-playing, visualization, meditation, and activities intended to foster appreciation for daily life—that aim to help the client recognize what compassion feels like.

When CFT is used in a session, clients often report feeling understood, accepted, and less alone in their struggles. They may experience a decrease in feelings of shame and self-criticism as they learn to view themselves with kindness and understanding. Over time, clients often report increased feelings of safety, self-acceptance, and comfort as they cultivate compassion for themselves and others.